Monday 22 July 2013

Defenisi Bill of Quantities

Bill of quantities

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A bill of quantities (BOQ) is a document used in tendering in the construction industry in which materials, parts, and labor (and their costs) are itemized. It also (ideally) details the terms and conditions of the construction or repair contract and itemises all work to enable a contractor to price the work for which he or she is bidding.

Bills of quantities are prepared by quantity surveyors and building estimators, and “Indeed the bill of quantities was the raison d’etre for the development of quantity surveying as a separate profession.”.[1]
Bills of quantities are prepared by a “taking off” in which the cost of a building or other structure is estimated from measurements in the Architects, Structural Engineers, and other building consultants drawings. These are used to create a cost estimate such as in regard to the square area in meters of walls and roofs, the numbers of doors and windows, and systems as heating, plumbing and electrics. Similar types of work are then brought together under one item, a process known as "abstracting".
Estimating books provide the relevant costs of the materials and labour costs of the operations or trades used in construction. As the rates for materials and labour change due to inflation, these books are frequently republished.
The practice historically of estimating building costs in this way arose from non-contractual measurements, taken off drawings to assist tenderers in quoting lump sum prices.
There are different styles of bills of quantities, mainly the Elemental BOQ and Trade Bills.



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